PARSEME Annotation Guidelines (with examples)

1.2	A	1token-1word	вземам, решение, наяве, бял, на, се, д-р
1.2	B	mtw	т|.|н|. etc. год|. year
1.2	C	mwt	вагон-ресторант 'train carriage+restaurant' train buffet
1.2	D	vmwe-tokens	вземам решение make a decision (2 words, 2 tokens) прочитам от корица до корица to read from cover to cover (5 words, 5 tokens)
1.2	E	vmwe-1token	no example found for Bulgarian
1.2	F	nomwe-1mtw	no example found for Bulgarian
1.4	A	proto-obj-saturated	пиля нечии нерви 'scrape someone's nerves' to annoy someone вземам трудно решение 'make a difficult decision' to make a difficult decision
1.4	B	proto-subj-saturated	излиза ми име 'appears for-me.DAT name' a name sticks for/to me чашата на търпението ми прелива 'glass.DET of patience my.POS overflows' my patience runs out
1.4	C	proto-coordinated	цъфна и вържа 'to blossom and give fruit' (usually sarcastically) to prosper
1.4	D	proto-fully-saturated	пиле не може да прехвръкне 'bird cannot fly in' it is very strictly guarded
1.4	E	variants-analytical	щях да съм взел важно решение I would have made a decition
1.4	F	variants-relat-clause	решението, което взех 'decision.DET which I.PRODROP made' the decision which I made
1.4	G	variants-nonfinite	взетите вече решения the decisions already made броящ звезди who counts stars неразбитите все още от него сърца the hearts not yet broken by him вземайки това решение (while) making this decision
1.4	H	variants-alternations	беше взето важно решение (passive alternation) a decision has been made
1.4	I	complex-quantifiers	те нанесоха многобройни щети → apply tests to те нанесоха щети
1.4	J	canonical-form-proto	a canonical form for решението, което взеха is взема решение a canonical form for нанасяйки тежки щети is нанасям щети
1.4	K	canonical-form-non-proto	броят ми се ребрата 'be counted my ribs' to be very skinny but not #броя си ребрата I can count my ribs
1.4	L	nomwe-nominalization	вземане на решение making a decision удар в гърба a stab in the back високо вдигната летва 'highly raised bar' high bar играч на карти card player
1.4	M	nomwe-notverbal	може би '(it) may be' maybe разбира се '(it) is understood' of course
1.5	A	refl-noinflect	смея се 'laugh se.REFL' to laugh намирам се 'find se.REFL' to be (somewhere)
1.5	B	refl-inflect	No examples found for Bulgarian.
1.6	A	collocations	качвам цената raise the price
1.6	B	collocations-altern	вдигам цената raise the price, увеличавам цената raise the price, качвам залога raise the bet, качвам температурата raise the temperature
1.6	C	vmwes-with-variants	нямам пукната пара/пукнат грош to not have a single penny, to be very poor имам твърда/дебела глава to have a thick head, to be stubborn and not listen to advice
3	A	over-lvc-full	държа под контрол to keep under control
3	B	over-lvc-caus	давам възможност give an opportunity
3	C	over-vid	правя се на дръж ми шапката 'to behave myself as 'hold my hat'' pretend to be naive and innocent цъфна и вържа 'to blossom and give fruit' (usually sarcastically) to prosper река и отсека 'to say and cut' to say firmly, decisively
3	D	over-irv	усмихвам се to smile
3	E	over-vpc-full	not applicable to Bulgarian
3	F	over-vpc-semi	not applicable to Bulgarian
3	G	over-mvc
3	H	over-iav	излизам пред някого/нещо 'come in front of someone/something' to surpass, to outdo излизам със становище come out with a statement
5.1	A	test-s1-no	цъфна и вържа → none of the verbs is clearly the head, as there is no universally accepted syntactic representation of coordination
5.1	B	test-s1-yes	гушна букета 'to hug the bunch of flowers' to die → гушна is the head and the NP depends on it правя на салата 'to make into salad' to scold → правя is the head and the PP depends on it
5.1	C	test-s1-canonical	вземам решение passes the test → variants like решението, което беше взето pass the test as well
5.1	D	test-s2-no	на стар краставичар краставици продавам 'to an old cucumber seller cucumbers to sell' to try to cheat a more experienced person → two dependents, на стар краставичар (PP) and краставици (NP) прочитам от корица до корица to read from cover to cover → two dependents, от корица (PP) and до корица (PP) правя (нечий) живот черен 'make someone'l life black' to ruin someone's life → two dependents, (нечий) живот (NP) and черен (small clause)
5.1	E	test-s2-yes	ритам камбаната 'kick the bell' to die → the single dependent is a noun phrase, камбаната ставам на кайма 'turn into mince' to be destroyed → the single dependent is a prepositional phrase, на кайма одирам жив 'skin alive' to make someone suffer → the single dependent is an small clause (adjective), жив
5.1	F	test-s3-yes	чашата преля 'the glass overflowed' this is the last straw → чашата is the subject of преля
5.1	G	test-s3-no	обичам чашката 'love the glass' to be an alcoholic вземам назаем 'take in loan' to borrow намирам се 'find SELF' to be situated
5.1	H	test-s4-refl	страхувам се 'fear myself.REFL' to be afraid радвам се 'feel joy myself.REFL' to feel joy
5.1	I	test-s4-part	Bulgarian does not have VPC expressions
5.1	J	test-s4-verb	не искам и да чуя 'don't want to even hear' to oppose strongly → и да чуя is a VP
5.1	K	test-s4-adp	разчитам на to rely on излизам със to come out with
5.1	L	test-s4-np	ритам камбаната 'kick the bell' to die → камбаната is a noun phrase composed of a single noun давам зелена светлина 'give green light' to allow → зелена светлина is a noun phrase composed of an adjective and a noun ставам на кайма 'turn into mince' to be destroyed → на кайма is a prepositional phrase composed of a preposition governing a noun
5.1	M	test-s4-adjective	излизам сух от водата 'to come out dry from the water' to avoid taking responsibility одирам жив 'skin alive' to make somone suffer гоня дивото 'chase the wild.ADJ' to take risks → дивото is a substantive
5.1	N	test-s4-adverb	изваждам наяве 'take out in the open' to uncover хващам натясно 'catch in a tight place' to coerce, to pressure
5.1	O	test-s4-pronoun	мързи ме '(it feels) lazy me.ACC' to be lazy
5.1	P	test-s4-verbdep	не мога да кажа две думи на кръст 'cannot say two words on a cross' to not be able to speak or express oneself правя сам да си говори 'make someone talk to himself' to drive someone crazy
5.2	A	verb-noun	вземам решение to make a decision държа под контрол to keep under control
5.2	B	noun-event-state	вземам решение to make a decision → noun refers to an act or event давам съгласие to give permission → noun refers to an act or event имам притеснения to have concerns → noun refers to a feeling or state имам готовност to be ready → noun refers to a feeling or state
5.2	C	verb-light	давам изявление 'give a statement' to make a statement нанасям щети 'spread damages' to cause damages
5.2	D	verb-cause	давам възможност to give an opportunity нося късмет to bring luck
5.2	E	test-lvc0-yes	проблем problem, възможност opportunity, изявление statement, план plan
5.2	F	test-lvc0-no	правя торта 'to make a cake' → a cake is a physical entity (not abstract) давам пари to give money → money is a physical entity (not abstract) подавам ръка 'to give out hand' to help in a difficult situation → hand is a physical entity (not abstract)
5.2	G	test-lvc1-yes	поставям акцент to emphasize → event, with two arguments: the agent and the object being emphasized имам право → property, with one semantic argument: the possessor of the property
5.2	H	test-lvc1-no	Иван хвърли боклука Ivan threw out the garbage → physical entity (not event/state)
5.2	I	test-lvc2-yes	Иван изнесе доклад Ivan presented a report → Иван is the subject of the verb and a semantic argument (agent) of the activity Президентът получи покана за посещение в Германия The president received an invitation to visit Germany → Президентът president is the subject of the verb and a semantic argument (the receiver) of the invitation Президентът получи награда Тhe president received an award→ Президентътpresident is the subject of the verb and a semantic argument (the receiver) of наградаaward
5.2	J	test-lvc2-no	Приятелят на Мария прекъсна нейния доклад Maria's friend interrupted her report→ Maria's friend, that is, the subject of the verb, is not a semantic argument of the report, since a report does not necessarily have an interrupter
5.2	K	test-lvc3-yes	вземам решение make a decision → вземам adds no meaning to решение decision besides that of performing an act държа реч to make a speech → държа adds no meaning to реч besides that of performing an act поемам отговорност to take responsibility → поемам adds no meaning to отговорност besides that of having a property
5.2	L	test-lvc3-no	започвам играта start the game, start playing → започвам start adds an aspectual meaning to the noun
5.2	M	test-lvc4-yes	Иван пое отговорност Ivan took responsibility → отговорността на Иван — both refer to the same property/event Иван взе решение Ivan made a decision → решението на Иван — both refer to the same property/event
5.2	N	test-lvc4-no	Иван хвърли поглед на вестника Ivan threw a glance at the newspaper → #погледът на Иван върху вестника — different semantics; and requires a different preposition
5.2	O	np-unacceptable
5.2	P	test-lvc4-borderline	Имам по-голям брат I have an elder brother → моят брат my brother refers to one member of the relation, and not to the state of brotherhood between both actants отправих покана към приятелите си I sent an invitation to my friends→ покана invitation can be interpreted both as the act of inviting and as its contents; for the first reason we count this candidate as LVC.full
5.2	Q	test-lvc5-yes	Иван даде възможност на Мария да представи картините си Ivan gave Maria the opportunity to present her paintings→ Ivan is not a semantic argument of възможност opportunity but he is the cause of the opportunity
5.2	R	test-lvc5-no	Този инцидент подрони авторитета на кандидата This incident undermined the authority of the candidate→ Инцидентът incident is neither a semantic argument of the authority nor its cause
5.2	S	lvc-causal-manner
5.2	T	lvc-causal-modality
5.2	U	lvc-causal-aspect
5.2	V	variants	взема решение → решението, което президентът взе the decision that the president made
5.2	W	selection	вземам решение to make a decision vs *вземам отговорност to take responsibility имам право to be right vs *притежавам право
5.2	X	verb-paraphrase	вземам решение to make a decision = решавам to decide правя грешка to make a mistake = греша/сгрешавам to make a mistake
5.2	Y	adj-paraphrase	имам смелост to have courage = съм смел to be courageous нямам търпение to not have patience = съм нетърпелив to be impatient нося отговорност to carry responsibility = съм отговорен to be responsible
5.2	Z	syn-paraphrase	Иван и Мария постигнаха консенсус Ivan and Maria reached a consensus = Ivan and Maria agreed → consensus has no corresponding verb or adjective, but agreement is a synonym
5.2	A	test-lvc2-prohib	Петър Стоянов взе решението да подпише договора Ivan made the decision to sign the contract + решението на президента да подпише договора → *Петър Стоянов взе решението на президента да подпише договора — the noun cannot be modified by the person performing the act/event (which is the subject)
5.3	A	subject	броят му се ребрата 'be counted someone's (possessive pronoun) ribs' (someone) to be very thin and skinny
5.3	B	direct-obj	гушна букета 'hug the bunch of flowers' to die
5.3	C	complement	удрям в гръб 'hit in the back' to stab in the back правя сам да си говори 'make (someone) to talk to himself' to drive (someone) crazy
5.3	D	adj-phrase	постигам своето 'to achieve one's own' to have it my way
5.3	E	verb-dep	не мога две думи на кръст да кажа 'I cannot say two words crossing each other' to be unable to speak or express oneself → две думи на кръст да кажа is a clause правя сам да си говори 'make someone talk to himself' to drive someone crazy → сам да си говори is a clause
5.3	F	relative-clause	ще видиш откъде изгрява слънцето 'you will see where the sun rises from' (angrily) you will get what you deserve, you will be punished
5.3	G	nonrefl-pronoun	втасахме я 'we proved it.FEM (as in bread: raise in volume due to yeast)' to fall into a difficult situation
5.3	H	no-open-slots	краставите магарета се надушват отдалече 'the itchy donkeys smell each other from afar' alike people are attracted to each other
5.3	I	multiple-arguments	заравям глава в пясъка 'to hide head in sand' to pretend not to see a problem
5.3	J	oth-coord	цъфна и вържа 'to blossom and give fruit' (usually sarcastically) to prosper
5.3	K	oth-compound
5.3	L	embedded-mwes	страхувам се от собствената си сянка 'to fear SELF from one's own shadow' to get easily scared → contains the IRV страхувам се 'to fear SELF' to be afraid
5.3	M	copula	съм с единия крак в гроба 'be with one leg in the grave' to be close to death→ idiom because #с единия крак в гроба with one leg in the grave loses the meaning съм на червено 'be on red' to be in debt → non-VMWE because the copula can be omitted, as in в края на месеца винаги оставам на червеноat the end of the month I always get into debt
5.3	N	cranberry-yes	хващам натясно 'catch in a tight place' to coerce, to pressure → натясно is only used in MWEs правя на бъзе и коприва 'to turn into elder and nettle' to scold, to tell off → бъзе is an old word, very rarely used independently вземам предвид, имам предвид 'to ' → предвид (as adverb) is only used in MWEs стоя диван чапраз 'to stay upright as in Osman council' to stay ready to serve → чапраз is an old word, very rarely used independently
5.3	O	cranberry-no	правя на сос → правя and сос are stand-alone words
5.3	P	lex-inflexibility-yes	бълвам змии и гущери 'to spew snakes and lizards' → #бълвам влечуги (to spew reptiles) всяка жаба да си знае гьола 'every frog to know its own puddle' → #всяка жаба да си знае локвата
5.3	Q	lex-inflexibility-no	изнасям доклад present a report → изнасям урок/лекция/презентация и т.н.
5.3	R	morph-inflexibility-yes	хвърлям око 'throw an eye' to throw a glance → #хвърлям очи.PLURAL хващам бика.DEF за рогата take the bull by the horns → #хващам бик.INDEF за рогата не мога да си намеря място 'cannot find a place for myself' to be extremely nervous → only exists in negative form
5.3	S	morph-inflexibility-no	хвърлям топка to throw a ball → хвърлям топка/топката/топки/топките
5.3	T	morphsyn-inflexibility-yes	аз ти давам думата си I give you my word → #аз ти давам неговата дума (I give you HIS word) аз си продавам душата I sell my soul → #аз продавам неговата душа (I sell his soul)
5.3	U	morphsyn-inflexibility-no	копая си гроба to dig my grave → копая ти/му/й/им гроба (to dig your/his/her/their grave)
5.3	V	syn-inflexibility-yes	на стар краставичар краставици продавам 'to an old cucumber seller cucumbers to sell' to try to cheat a more experienced person → #продавам краставици на стар краставичар, #краставиците са продадени бълвам змии и гущери → #бълвам гущери и змии
5.3	W	syn-inflexibility-no	продавам неговата кола I sell his car → колата му беше продадена (his car was sold), неговата кола, която тя продаде (his car which she sold), т.н.
5.4	A	irv-uses-notexist	усмихвам се to smile, страхувам се to be afraid
5.4	B	irv-uses-diffmeaning	смея ≠ смея се to dare ≠ to smile, намирам ≠ намирам се to find ≠ to be situated
5.4	C	irv-uses-reciprocal	целувам се to kiss each other, срещам се to meet each other
5.4	D	irv-uses-reflexive	мия се to wash oneself, реша се to combe oneself
5.4	E	irv-uses-body	мия си ръцете 'wash REFL.POSSESSIVE hands' wash one's hands
5.4	F	middle-preverbal	книги се пишат трудно 'books write.PL RCLI difficult' it is difficult to write books
5.4	G	middle-postverbal	трудно се пишат книги 'difficult RCLI write.PL books' it is difficult to write books
5.4	H	impersonal	не се вечеря късно 'not RCLI have dinner late' it is not good to have dinner late
5.4	I	inchoative	вратата се отваря the door opens
5.4	J	test-irv1-yes	страхувам се ⇒ *страхувам to be afraid усмихвам се ⇒ *усмихвам to smile
5.4	K	test-irv2-yes	намирам се ≠ намирам to be situated ≠ to find радвам се≠ радвам to feel happy ≠ to make happy
5.4	L	test-irv3-yes
5.4	M	test-irv4-yes	не се вечеря късно ⇔ хората не вечерят късно 'not RCLI have dinner late' it is not good to have dinner late
5.4	N	test-irv5-yes	някой отваря вратата ⇒ вратата се отваря somebody opens the door ⇒ the door opens
5.4	O	test-irv6-yes	Павел лекува себе си ⇒ Павел се лекува Pavel heals himself
5.4	P	test-irv7-yes	Павел се мие ⇔ те се мият един друг they wash each other
5.4	Q	test-irv8-yes	Павел и Елена се целуват ⇔ Павел целува Елена и Елена целува Павел Pavel and Elena kiss